He was a brilliant military leader, but he is even more revered as a wise and tolerant ruler. Once Cyrus conquered a nation he allowed those other realms he absorbed to manage themselves and to keep their customs and religions. Cyrus was said to have respected the basic human rights of the common man more than any other ruler of his time. According to historians, Cyrus was either born in or B. He lived in Persia, a location that, today, would be within the country of Iran.
Cambyses I died in B. Cyrus was between 25 and 40 years old. During this time, Cyrus was subservient to the Median King and was required to pay homage to him. With the help of a rogue Median general, Harpagus, Cyrus revolted against the entirety of the Median army and conquered them in B.
Upon his victory, Cyrus was able to combine Anshan with the newly defeated empire and crowned himself the King of Persia for the first time. The Lydian Empire and Asia Minor covered vast amounts of land, some of which extended into the modern-day areas of Greece and Macedonia. A number of notable battles took place throughout the campaign, including the Battle of Pteria, which resulted in a stalemate and left heavy casualties on both sides.
After losing many men, the opposing ruler, Croesus, retreated to his capital city in Sardis. Cyrus followed him and besieged him capital at the capital, where he successfully defeated the enemy cavalry and captured the city at the battle of Thymbra.
His empire continued to spread across the Middle East. Cyrus the Great next acquired Neo-Babylonian Empire which encompassed a number of sub-nations, including Syria, Judea and lands within the Arab realms. The dates of his conquest of Babylon are somewhat disputed, but most agree that it was around B.
The Achaemenid Empire, sometimes called the First Persian Empire, was the collective name given to the various nations that Cyrus had conquered. At his death, it encompassed lands to the east by the Indus River valley and extended west to the fringes of Greece and Macedonia.
Cyrus was killed in battle before he could conquer Egypt to the south, but Egypt eventually came under the rule of the Achaemenid Empire when his son conquered it after him. Cyrus went down in history as one of the most benevolent conquerors of all time, allowing his subjects to live—and worship—as they pleased. Like many ancient rulers, the Persian conqueror Cyrus the Great ca — ca B.
On the death of his father, Cambyses I, Cyrus ruled the Achaemenid dynasty and expanded his ancestral realm into a mighty empire. He triumphed not just through conquest, but also by showing singular tolerance and mercy to those he defeated. A brilliant military strategist, Cyrus vanquished the king of the Medes, then integrated all the Iranian tribes, whose skill at fighting on horseback gave his army great mobility.
After conquering lands surrounding Mesopotamia, Cyrus closed in on Babylon. In B. He placated the formerly powerful Medes by involving them in government. He adopted habits of dress and ornamentation from the Elamites. Across his conquered lands, he returned images of gods that had been seized in battle and hoarded in Babylon. Cyrus allowed them to return to their promised land.
The Jews praised the Persian emperor in scripture as a savior to whom God gave power over other kingdoms so that he would restore them to Jerusalem and allow them to rebuild their Temple.
Cyrus the Great died around B. One measure of his greatness was the esteem in which he was held in later years by the Greeks, despite the bitter wars they waged against his Persian successors.
Judaism is the oldest surviving monotheistic religion, with roots dating to the second millennium B. Nothing was more important to the Jews than their faith, which was founded on the concept of a covenant between themselves and God. They described the history of this relationship in the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. According to the Torah, God promised the lands of Canaan to his Chosen People, the Israelites, a Semitic tribe whose origins traced back to the patriarch Abraham.
They founded the kingdom of Judah, and established Jerusalem as its capital sometime around B. After Cyrus freed the Jews from exile in Babylon in B. Among ancient rulers, few were as rich as Croesus. His realm contained large deposits of electrum, an alloy of gold and silver, which he used to produce coins—a practice that had originated in Lydia and Greece a century or so before Croesus took power around B. His wealth made him the subject of legend.
According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Croesus met the wise Athenian ruler Solon and asked if wealth did not ensure happiness.
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