Signal speeds Passenger trains are limited to 59 mph and freight trains to 49 mph on track without block signal systems. Following the Chatsworth train collision in California, a federal law was passed requiring positive train control PTC to be implemented nationwide by Not long after these engines were made, diesels came along.

In the early days of British railways, trains ran up to 78 mph by the year However, they ran at just 30mph in As railway technology and infrastructure progressed, train speed increased accordingly. In the U. Coal will likely give a better heat then wood, especially a higher grade of coal and will burn for longer. However, diesel can also be used to power steam trains. Diesel-powered steam trains will have a more consistent and higher grade burn and because they are not dependent on human stokers opening and closing the firebox thus losing heat or those same stokers getting tired, a diesel steam train can maintain speed for longer.

This is in my view is a pity as I believe we have lost something magical with the move away from steam. No longer will we hear the whistle of a steam train in the night or see the sparks from its exhausts. Thankfully there are still many steam railway enthusiasts who are maintaining and restoring steam trains and lines and if you get a chance to take a trip on one then I urge you to do so.

The number of railroad miles continued to climb until hitting its peak in That year there were more than , miles of track—enough to reach the moon from Earth. When Englishman Richard Trevithick launched the first practical steam locomotive in , it averaged less than 10 mph. Today, several high-speed rail lines are regularly travelling 30 times as fast. In the 40 years since, the top speed of these trains has been steadily climbing, with a current world speed record of mph.

Japan is no longer alone in the high-speed rail department however: France, China and Germany all operate trains capable of similar extreme speeds, and the plans are currently underway in the United States to construct a high-speed rail line connecting the California cities of San Francisco and Anaheim.

But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Live TV. This Day In History. History Vault. Trains helped the North win the American Civil War. Recommended for you.

Squamous cells are thin, flat cells that are present on the surface of the skin and the tongue, in the lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts, and in the lining of the mouth, throat, thyroid, and larynx. The primary symptoms of tongue cancer are a painful tongue and the development of a sore on the tongue. Additional symptoms may include:. The symptoms of tongue cancer are similar to those of other oral cancers, and they may also not be evident in the early stages of the disease.

It is also possible for people to have some of these symptoms without having tongue cancer or another type of oral cancer. Doctors classify most cancer types into stages according to how much cancer is present and whether or not it has spread, or metastasized, to other parts of the body.

The classification system uses letters and numbers. The letter T indicates a tumor , and the letter N refers to neck lymph nodes. These letters each have a grading from 1—4 or 0—3 respectively. People with a T1 tumor have the smallest grade of tumor, while people with a T4 tumor have the largest grade. An N0 classification signifies that the tongue cancer has not spread to any neck lymph nodes.

Tongue cancer that has spread to a significant number of lymph nodes has an N3 classification. This grading denotes how aggressively the cancer is growing and how likely it is to spread to other parts of the body. Experts do not fully understand why some people get tongue cancer. Older men are the group most at risk of tongue cancer. Oral cancers are most common in those aged 50 or above. Smokers who also drink heavily are 15 times more likely to develop oral cancers than other people.

Anyone who is concerned that they might have tongue cancer should make an appointment with a doctor as soon as possible. If a doctor suspects that tongue cancer is present, they will perform a biopsy. This will involve them removing some tissue and sending it off for testing.

Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Tongue cancer is a form of cancer that begins in the cells of the tongue. Email address. First Name let us know your preferred name. Last Name. Thank you for subscribing Your in-depth coping with cancer guide will be in your inbox shortly. Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry.

Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references AskMayoExpert. Key points People can get cancer in the oral tongue — the part you can stick out — and the base of the tongue, which extends down the throat. The cancer is more common in people 40 and older. Tongue cancer can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Next steps Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider: Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.

Before your visit, write down questions you want answered. Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you. At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you. Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are. Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways. Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.

Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure. If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.

Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.

Not what you're looking for? Want More Information? Cedars-Sinai has a range of comprehensive treatment options. See Our Cancer Programs. Choose a doctor and schedule an appointment. Cancers that develop in this part are called oropharyngeal cancers pronounced oar-o-farin-gee-al. The most common type of tongue cancer is squamous cell carcinoma SCC.

Squamous cells are the flat, skin like cells that cover the lining of the mouth, nose, larynx, thyroid and throat. Squamous cell carcinoma is the name for a cancer that starts in these cells. It's important to remember that these symptoms might be due to a less serious medical condition.

But it's best to check symptoms with your GP just to make sure. The photos below give you an idea of what tongue cancers can look like, but remember that they might appear differently from this.

Contact your GP or dentist if you notice anything abnormal. Smoking tobacco cigarettes, cigars and pipes and drinking a lot of alcohol are the main risk factors for cancers of the head and neck in the western world. The HPV virus transmitted through sexual contact is another risk factor. Having a risk factors means that your risk is increased. But it does not mean that you will definitely develop cancer.

May I request that my application materials be returned to me? The application and all materials submitted to the Graduate School become the property of New York University and will not be returned under any circumstances. Is student housing available? Limited single bedrooms in shared suites and shared studios are available in on-campus housing. NYU also has an off-campus housing office with resources and hundreds of apartment listings available to NYU students.

Information on housing is included on your Admitted Student Resource Page your personal link is in your admissions email. Are counselors available for advising? Also, you may call our office at , or send us e-mail at gsas. How do I apply for loans? What do I do next?

Skip to Main. Programs Master's Programs Ph. Also, the following programs have asked us to communicate more specific information. For fall applications Most doctoral programs make their decisions in February and March. Master's and non-degree programs make their decisions at different times, typically beginning in early March and extending for several months.

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Programs Master's Programs Ph. Fellowships and Awards. The Ph. Checking Application Status You can easily check the status of your GSAS application materials by looking at your Application Checklist when you sign in to your application. Communicating Application Decisions When a final decision is made on your application, you will receive an email communication from us telling you that you can see the decision on your Application Status Page.

When Decisions are Typically Released Below is a general overview of when decisions are made. NYU will accept official or unofficial transcripts and test scores for the purposes of our application review process.

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Use your name exactly as it appears on your passport or birth certificate on your application and supporting documents. First-Year Applicants. If one of the following applies to you, follow the instructions below to apply as a first-year student: Currently in high school, even if taking college courses. Dual-enrollment means that you are in high school and also in a college-level program.

Graduated with a GED or high school diploma equivalency test and have not enrolled in a degree-seeking program. If you left high school early and are attending a college or university, apply as a transfer student. How do I apply? Contact information for one teacher or two, maximum who will complete the Teacher Evaluation form. Students who are unable to pay the application fee can request a fee waiver. Standardized testing is optional for applicants applying to the fall semester.

Kourtney then fills in her brows using a classic Anastasia Beverly Hills brow pencil which she combs through her individual eyebrow hairs. In contrast, when one of her makeup artists — Patrick Ta — is in charge of her eyes he veers towards the Dose of Colors Friendcation palette.

Much like her younger sisters, Kourtney prefers a nude lip but of the pink variety. The celebrity loves to share her daily life with her friends, family, fans, and followers as a result her Instagram is full of glam snapshots of her applying her makeup. Kourtney Kardashian tells us how to shape your eyebrows at home like a pro. Kourtney Kardashian shares her secrets for a healthy and fit pregnancy. Brazilian model and activist Valentina Sampaio becomes Armani beauty newest ambassador.

By HOLA! Sign up to our newsletter to stay in touch with your cultura. If I have makeup on, I remove it with either Tatcha cleansing oil or micellar water. Then I do the same cleanser, pads, serum, and moisturizer as in the morning. If I have time, I love to do a mask three times a week—or even do three masks in a row if I am home for the day working or with the kids and have the time.

Please walk us through your "off duty" makeup routine—we're eager to know which products you hold dear. Much of your life is lived publicly, and lots of commentary from others comes with that. When it seems like everyone has an opinion, how do you keep it from getting to you? No matter what it is that I am doing, someone has something to say, good or bad. God and gratitude and the thought of our poosh collagen vibes.

Finally, what is your vision for —personally and professionally? All secrets for now. Personally: Ahhhh, always growing. Been really making an effort to be so present in the moment, and honestly the biggest thing I am focusing on right now is to try and limit the negative things that come out of my mouth. Kourtney Kardashian photographed in Los Angeles by Ford. Interview conducted and edited by Annie Tomlin. An alcohol-free daily toner that purifies, exfoliates and brightens A powerful hydrating serum that instantly brightens the complexion These naturally antibacterial rounds are the perfect replacement for A hydrating cream that brightens and blurs with a radiant flush of color.

Shop Read Explore. A primer on essential beauty topics, from talc contamination to biodegradability. Everybody has a story about beauty. Latest Articles. Your Bag 0. Continue browsing here. Recommended Camera Photo By selecting camera or image you are providing this website camera and photo access pursuant and opt-in to the Rose, Inc.

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From the very beginning, Ikemefuna is the ultimate victim; his fate is completely out of his control since he is taken away by his family so early in life for a crime which he had no part in, nor any knowledge of. In his new life, Ikemefuna is subject to the whims of his new father and the Umuofia elders, in whose hands his fate ultimately lies. He joins in killing Ikemefuna because he is afraid of being weak, yet he is haunted by his decision and it also permanently emotionally distances him from Nwoye.

Parents Home Homeschool College Resources. Study Guide. By Chinua Achebe. The proverb, "When the moon is shining, the cripple becomes hungry for a walk," represents a belief in the protective quality of moonlight in contrast with the fear of the darkness. The legend of the old woman with one leg explains, in part, why the other clans fear Umuofia. Ogbuefi a person with a high title, as in Ogbuefi Ezeugo the orator and Ogbuefi Udo the man whose wife was killed in Mbaino.

Ezeugo the name for a person of high religious significance, such as an Igbo priest. This saying probably means every man of the community — an example of hyperbole , an exaggeration not intended to be taken literally.

Umuofia kwenu a shout of approval and greeting that means United Umuofia! Oracle the place where, or medium by which, the deities are consulted; here, the Oracle of the Hills and the Caves. For example, in the fifth century, St. Augustine of the early Christian church wrote extensively about the just war; the Crusades of the late Middle Ages were initiated as holy wars; and today's Muslim word jihad means holy war.

Previous Chapter 1. Next Chapter 3. Removing book from your Reading List will also remove any bookmarked pages associated with this title. Are you sure you want to remove bookConfirmation and any corresponding bookmarks? My Preferences My Reading List. Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe. Summary and Analysis Part 1: Chapter 2. Adam Bede has been added to your Reading List!

Why does ikemefuna die? Ezeudu then warns Okonkwo not to take part in Ikemefuna's death. While Achebe does not directly state why the Oracle of the Hills and the Caves has decided that Ikemefuna should die, one could surmise that his death is retribution for the woman killed three years before in Mbaino. What crime did Okonkwo commit? During the Week of Peace, Okonkwo commits the crime of beating his wife. This is his first crime against the earth.

As punishment, he is told to make a ritual sacrifice, which he does. Why is ikemefuna important? Ikemefuna serves the purpose that Oknokwo's tribe will not go to war with Mbaino: A young boy named Ikemefuna is given to Umuofia in order to avoid war.

While living with Okonkwo, Ikemefuna becomes like a son to Okonkwo. In fact, he is more of a son than Nwoye is. How does Okonkwo define manliness? Okonkwo - being a man who basically only values masculine qualities - strongly wishes that Ezinma had been born a boy, which, from his frame of mind , shows how much he loves and values her. How does okonkwo define manliness? What mistake did Okonkwo make in Chapter 4? He beats her for her negligence, shamefully breaking the peace of the sacred week in a transgression known as nso-ani.

How did ikemefuna make nwoye feel? Ikemefuna acts as a kind of role model, and as a result, Nwoye spends more time with his father and begins to take on more "manly" tasks. Okonkwo is therefore delighted about the influence of Ikemefuna on his son. Who decides ikemefuna's fate?

The standard sizing and mobile nature of jack cylinders makes them ideal tools to hire if not needed regularly. In many cases, instead of owning a hydraulic cylinder companies will rent jack cylinders when required for a specific job. The area is the size of the hydraulic piston. These two components determine the force that can be exerted by the cylinder. Therefore, the weight that can be pushed or lifted by a hydraulic cylinder is equal to the pressure provided by the pump multiplied by the size of cylinder rod.

Most pumps have a standard range; usually from psi to 10, psi to Bar. The average tends to be at the lower end of the range; around Bar. A pump can lift an infinite amount of weight, depending on how big the cylinder is. Increasing the PSI may require adjusting the seals, valves and cylinder design to cope with increased pressure.

The pump also dictates the speed at which the cylinder can operate, as it provides hydraulic fluid at the necessary flow rate. Hydraulic cylinder designers need to think about the scale and size of a hydraulic cylinder. A cylinder that has an excessive reach poses the risk of buckling — meaning that the rod and barrel have to be engineered to be larger.

However, this increase in area would have a bigger force, potentially over engineering the fabrication and making it heavier. The cylinder is first designed by a team of hydraulic cylinder engineers, taking into account the use of the hydraulic cylinder and the environment that it will be in.

This dictates materials, coatings, seals and other specialist parts. Hydraulic systems are designed in compliance with any external legislation that relates to the industry that it is being designed for. The offshore industry in particular has a number of requirements, which Apex Hydraulics can design in compliance with. Once the design has been finalised, the machine shop engineers start producing the cylinder.

Cylinder rods and other parts are bored to minutely accurate measurements using highly specialised machinery. Cylinder rods are chromed or coated with specialist coatings such as Corex. The fitting department puts all the components together rod, pistons, tubes and seals. Purchasing from a wide variety of high-quality manufacturers, Apex Hydraulics are not tied to any one product and are able to choose the most appropriate part for each cylinder.

The fitting department assembles the cylinder, ready for inspection and testing. The in-house inspection department offers rigorous testing of all hydraulic cylinders before they are approved for the client.

They perform pressure, pull and load tests as required. A piston appears as a flat solid disk with a rod attached to its center. While applying force on the smaller piston, it will try to compress the fluid present in the smaller cylinder. This will result in the flow of fluid from a smaller cylinder to the larger cylinder through the tube connected and the piston of the larger cylinder will move upwards with this generated force. The pressure difference inside the cylinder is the key factor that makes the piston move.

When you apply continuous pressure and the cylinder reaches its maximum space. Then, the pressure release valve will relieve this pressure and make it possible to move further. For purchasing, you just need to consider some important hydraulic cylinder specifications like operating conditions, type of fluids, constructing materials, seals, etc.

Hydraulic cylinders have applications in marine, aerospace, construction equipment, industrial machines, etc… Operating conditions for all these applications will be different. Due to varying operating conditions like temperature, fluid pressure, humidity, etc.

Fluid selection is important for every hydraulic cylinder. Not all hydraulic cylinder will use the same fluid, it will vary depending on the application, operating condition and constructing materials.

The material used for constructing cylinder head, base and bearing will affect the performance and durability of hydraulic cylinders. How Hydraulic Cylinder Works? Explained Everyone related to the hydraulic industry knows the importance of hydraulic cylinders. How does a hydraulic cylinder works? There are two pistons on either side of the container, and the container is filled with incompressible fluid like oil. The pressure applied will be transferred equally and undiminished to all parts of the system.

Because of the facts explained above, we can conclude that the power density in the hydraulic cylinder is big; a great force can be created even with a small cylinder. The seals keep the fluid where it needs to be; inside the hydraulic cylinder. The piston seal keeps the pressurized fluid in A and B chambers. In a double-acting cylinder, the A chamber is the one that creates the pushing force and the B chamber creates the pulling.

In a single-acting cylinder, typically, there is only a rod seal because the other chamber does not exist. Many applications involves i. Hydraulic cylinders are linear drivers which use fluid pressure to counter the movement under load. This device also helps in pushing and pulling of the load. They provide motion of a fluid in straight line.

They are also known as actuators. Hydraulic cylinder is actually the device which converts pressure energy to mechanical energy. They are used to transmit power.

The output power depends on the pressure drop around actuator, rate of flow and overall efficiency. There are different types of hydraulic cylinders such as. There are some specifications of hydraulic cylinders which should be considered before operating. Like cylinder type, bore diameter, stroke, maximum operating pressure and rod diameter.

Bore diameter is diameter of cylinder and rod diameter is the diameter of piston in the cylinder. Stroke is the distance a piston travels across the cylinder. Stoke length can vary accordingly and it can be some fractions of an inch or few feet. The maximum operating pressure is the pressure that a cylinder can suffer or support. All the power of hydraulic cylinder depends on the type of hydraulic fluid used in it. The most common used hydraulic fluid is oil.

Cylinder barrel : It is a main body of cylinder, used to hold the pressure. The cylinder barrels have smooth surface from inside, durable for use, high strength, high corrosion resistance and high precision tolerance.

Cylinder base : This is also known as cylinder cap. It is used to seal the pressure chamber at one end.

One of the uses was for gunnery. The English professor of Astronomy Edmund Gunter , made a sector and wrote the book Description and Use of the Sector , first published in His sector included scales of logarithmic numbers , sines, and tangents. They also provided tools for trigonometry tangent, sine, and secant and for navigation rhumbs and longitude.

Ultimately three styles of sectors, that differ by the sets of scales on the legs, evolved and are referred to as the Italian, English and French sectors.

The English sectors evolved following the design by Gunter and by had additional logarithmic scales as may be seen in the image below. The French sectors, besides the Galilean lines, included lines for determination of the weight poid des boulets and calibre size of artillery shots calibre des pieces.

Ancient History. Pompei proportional compass. MAN, Naples. National Archelogical Museum of Naples. Image from Ruggieri, Sectors in Codex Atlanticus. Antonio de Sangallo Compass notes. Tartaglia's Gunnery quadrant. Tartaglia's triangulation instrument use. Mordente's second compass ca. Mordente's third compass, Fabrizio Mordente compasses. Courtesy of Adler Planetarium, Chicago illinois. Mordente type multipoint compas. Inventory no. Oddi text on proportional compasses.

Commandino type proportional compass. Guidobaldo type compass from G. Gallucci, "Della fabrica et uso di diversi strumenti Guidobaldo type compass showing radial lines from C.

Other 16th century Instruments. Military compass of C. Bianchini's compass. Cole compass. Orsini's compass. Thomas Hood book. Thomas Hood's sector. From his description. Galileo Galilei's proportional compass. Museo Galilei. Galileo Galilei's compass instruction manual. The Galilean sector is made up of :two legs, held together by a round disk pivot , whose faces front and back are engraved with various scales; the quadrant, graduated with four scales, which is fixed by means of wing nuts to the holes in the compass legs; the clamp, a cursor inserted into one of the compass legs, which kept the instrument vertical and could serve as an extension for the leg to which it was attached.

Their primary function is that of indicating the sides of the squares whose areas are the indicated numbers. Thus the distance from the centre of the compass to each of the indicated numbers represents the square root of that number; the stereometric lines , marked with numbers up to , and indicate the sides of the cubes whose volume is the indicated number. Thus the distance from the centre of the compass to each of the numbers indicated, equals the cube root of the numbers shown.

Galileo produced several examples of his compasso. During the seventeenth century the sector became one of the most widely used mechanical calculators for scientific purposes. It comprises three parts:. As an instruction manual for purchasers of the compass, and to establish his priority for the invention, in Galileo published from his own house in Padua, printed by Peitro Marinelli, Le Operazioni del Compasso Geometrico et Militare in an edition of only sixty copies. To avoid having the compass pirated, Galileo had no illustrations of the device included in the pamphlet, which may be considered the first "computer manual.

The priority for the instrument's invention was claimed by the Milanese Baldassarre Capra in a work published in Padua in Galileo replied effectively to Capra's claims with a peremptory Difesa [Defense]. The compass, initially kept in the Uffizi Gallery, was transferred in the mid-nineteenth century to the Tribuna di Galileo. The birth of Venus Depicts same location.

The experiences we are having today were likely shaped by the past events you have been through. Events in your childhood or early adulthood have shaped the way you think, act, and interact with people close to you. Memories are heavily influenced and based on feelings we had surrounding the event or experience. Skip to content Articles. March 23, Joe Ford. Table of Contents. Posted by Sohani Khatun 2 hours ago. Posted by Nishanth Nathi 3 days ago.

Posted by Kumkum Mali 1 day, 7 hours ago. Posted by Vikas Bhati 1 day, 9 hours ago. Create papers in minutes. Work from home with us Create questions or review them from home No software required, no contract to sign. Simply apply as teacher, take eligibility test and start working with us. Required desktop or laptop with internet connection. How does the environment affect communication? Cite an example. Unfavorable climate can act as a barrier to communication leading to wrong perceptions or decision.

Noise : Noise is a physical barrier to effective communication. Noise may have its origin from an external source or may exist even in the communication loop. You do not achieve effective communication by merely shouting.

Effective communication is almost impossible on the factory floor, the bus stand or railway station. No one should try to out shout a machine to achieve successful communication. Noise distorts messages and acts as a barrier to effective communication.

Respected Sir. I m thanking you because it is very very important information for me…. The website loading velocity is incredible. It kind of feels that you are doing any distinctive trick. Moreover, The contents are masterpiece. This is excellent information. Keep it up. May u please explain more on external factors in influencing smooth communication in an organisation.

Thank you! I want exject what is environmental based communication barriers? Next post: Medium of Communication — Wrong choice as a barrier.

Previous post: Barriers to Communication. The attitudes of people in their own homes or families. Lack of attention, interest, distractions, or irrelevance to the receiver. See our page Barriers to Effective Listening for more information.

Differences in perception and viewpoint. Physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties. These are required for making to establish good and effective business communication. Being able to think about the point of view of others is key.

One regular communication mistake is to believe everyone knows what we know.

Most poskim disagree, and hold that one should make a brocha unless he knows that it was never owned by a non-Jew. When purchasing a vessel one should try to find out if it ever belonged to a non-Jew. If one sends equipment to a non-Jewish handyman to repair, it does not require tevila once the equipment is returned, 30 unless the metal used for repair belonged to the non-Jew and the equipment could not function without the repair. Therefore, if one were to send a knife to a non-Jewish sharpener, the newly sharpened knife would not require tevila.

The same would apply if one sent sheet pans to be reglazed. When dealing with industrial facilities and the industrial size equipment, there are a number of factors to consider when a Rov Hamachshir determines if tevilas keilim is required:.

There is an additional factor to consider: are these utensils solely used for business purposes and not for personal use? There is much debate about when this can be applied. If not, one can still purchase the candy dish and use it until the candy is finished. At that point, one is required to toivel the dish before it is reused. Unfortunately this article cannot cover all the intricate details related to the halachos of Tevilas Keilim.

There are often differences of opinions in some scenarios. When in doubt one should consult with a rabbinic authority. Kosher Spirit Search for:. Introduction The Torah discusses the laws of tevilas keilim in Bamidbar.

Wood Does not require tevila. Earthenware, bone china Does not require tevila. Ownership: The mitzvah of tevilas keilim applies to the equipment that was previously owned by a non-Jew, or even by a partnership between a Jew and a non-Jew. Industrial: When dealing with industrial facilities and the industrial size equipment, there are a number of factors to consider when a Rov Hamachshir determines if tevilas keilim is required: How large are the keilim?

What materials are they made from? Are they electrical? Are they stationary or connected to the ground? Do they come into contact with the food directly? At which stage in the production process do they come into contact with the food? First Last. Yes No. Attaching a picture of the product label will expedite your inquiry. In a similar vein, a utensil that originally had been owned by a non-Jew, when it now is "consecrated" for use by the " mamlechet kohanim " Kingdom of Priests also must first be ritually immersed in a mikvah.

In fact one could argue that for those born into the Jewish faith, the only direct connection they have to the tevilah ritual immersion of gerut conversion is through tevilat keilim.

When a ger convert draws close to G-d by joining His service he is consecrating his body toward that end. Since the mitzvah is based on the "consecration" of the utensil for the use of a Jew, it is only binding when the Jew first acquires it for actual use, not if he is merely reselling it.

It is only when he plans to use it that it is conceptually an extension of his actual body, and therefore requiring of tevilah. As far as why there is room for leniency for a guest, see, e. Authorities discuss the nature of this prohibition rabbinic or Torah.

This obligation applies specifically to the owner of the dishes. Rav Shlomo Zalman adds a point in that if the guest has an obligation to take the food out of the dish to place it in another toveled dish, he can for the same price place it in his mouth Tevillas Keilim p. This will apply specifically to dishes and not to cutlery. Another consideration is the status of porcelain china dishes. These dishes might be considered kli cheres earthenware and therefore exempt from the obligation of tevillah, though most are stringent to tovel them because of their similarity today to glass.

Again, this consideration will not apply to cutlery. Therefore, because of the noted considerations there is room for leniency under extenuating circumstances though for cutlery one should try to avoid the use of non-toveled metal cutlery.

Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Consult a competent authority regarding a Mikvah not designed for keilim. All sides of the utensil, in and out, must come into contact with the water. Anyone may perform the actual immersion, including a small child and a non-Jew, so long as a Jewish adult is present to supervise.

One begins by wetting his own hand s with the mikvah water. If he forgot to make the Bracha , the Tevila is still acceptable. If two utensils are being immersed together, they should not touch so as not to impede the flow of water in and around. Thus, if one chooses to use a basket or milk crate for small, easily lost items like silverware, he should immerse the basket and then drop the individual utensils in one by one.

This prevents the utensils from jumbling together and obscuring some of the surface areas. In addition, it may often be necessary to turn the utensil so that its opening faces upward, permitting trapped air bubbles to escape. If the utensil cannot be brought to the Mikvah perhaps it is too heavy or too large to carry , a competent rabbinic authority should be consulted. This article was written to touch briefly on some of the fundamental aspects of Tevilat Keilim.

It should be viewed merely as a primer; the topic is a complex one. As always, one should consult his experienced local Orthodox Rabbi with any questions or concerns.

Certification gives a product a competitive edge that makes it sell faster, thus causing supermarkets to favor brands with certification. Stickers labels and the like must be removed. Disposable dishes such as aluminum pans that are intended for one time use are not considered keilim and do not require Tevilah even if they are reused several times.

If they are of such durability that they could be used on a permanent basis, they would require Tevilah before the first use. This would apply even if your intention is to dispose of the pan after one use because of its low cost.

A Toaster that is used exclusively to toast bread does not require Tevilah. If he sold the actual dishes he would have to Tovel them according to many Poskim. Many are of the opinion that a convert to Judaism must Tovel all their dishes without a blessing. In extenuating circumstances such as on Shabbos one may gift the utensils to a non Jew and then borrow them back to avoid the obligation to Tovel. This should only be done with rabbinic guidance. If the metal is drunken from as in your case, or is on the outside but is supporting the plastic then it would require tevilah.

When in doubt its always best to tovel without a bracha. I wonder if Reb Moshe would consider modern day urns as two separate Keilim too. The urn he describes in teshuva is a model with a separate casing and element at the top. You forgot to mention in your blog that one is allowed to tovel someone elses stuff even without there permission, being such the gift question should be a no brainer. Maybe the halacha would change based on the specific stores return policy…. Elisha, where are you?

I am waiting for you to comment on how our religion is racist? Sender — How do you know the urns had elements on top?

I fail to see how an element on top would work in an urn.

The innermost layer of your skin consists of proteins, including collagen and elastin. Elastin provides elasticity and helps your skin stay tight. During weight gain, skin expands to make room for increased growth. Pregnancy is one example of this expansion. The expanded skin typically retracts within several months of delivery. By contrast, when skin has been significantly stretched and remains that way for a long period of time, collagen and elastin fibers become damaged.

As a result, they lose some of their ability to retract 1. Consequently, when you lose a lot of weight, excess skin may hang from the body. In general, the greater the weight loss, the more pronounced the effect of loose skin. Skin stretched during significant weight gain often loses its ability to retract after weight loss due to damage to collagen, elastin, and other components responsible for elasticity.

Several factors affect loss of skin elasticity during weight changes, including age, genetics, and the length of time someone has carried excess weight. For some people, loose skin from a lot of weight loss may cause physical and emotional challenges:. A number of problems may develop due to loose skin, including physical discomfort, limited mobility, skin breakdown, and poor body image.

The following natural remedies may improve skin strength and elasticity to some degree in people who have lost small to moderate amounts of weight. Engaging in regular strength training is one of the most effective ways to build muscle mass in both young and older adults 14 , Collagen hydrolysate is very similar to gelatin.

In a controlled study, skin elasticity, along with texture and hydration, increased significantly after 12 weeks of taking a liquid collagen supplement.

The drink also contained vitamins C and E, as well as biotin and zinc Collagen hydrolysate is also known as hydrolyzed collagen. Loose or sagging skin occurs when internal or external factors affect the key molecules that help keep the skin elastic, firm, and hydrated. Most people start to experience skin laxity, or loosening, between the ages of 35 and 40 years. Skin laxity that occurs with age is mostly due to a loss of collagen networks, elastin fibers, and hyaluronic acid — a molecule that helps the skin retain moisture.

Weight loss, especially significant or rapid weight loss, and pregnancy can also loosen the skin by stretching skin molecules or changing the structure of the skin. In this article, we discuss popular techniques for tightening loose skin and ways to prevent the skin from sagging. Exercising regularly is an important way to stay healthy and age well. Some types of exercise may also help reduce the effects of skin aging. A study found that endurance exercise might lessen the effect of age-related skin changes in mice and humans.

The authors noted that endurance exercise reduced skin changes by improving tissue metabolism, primarily by stimulating the release of a hormone called interleukin from skeletal muscle. Women who have loose skin as a result of pregnancy should talk to a doctor about the best way to engage safely in physical activity and which exercises to avoid. Many different firming gels, creams, patches, and other products are available for the topical treatment of minor cases of loose skin.

People who wish to purchase a firming product should look for products containing retinoid compounds. Retinoids are potent antioxidants that may boost collagen production. However, experts do not consider firming products to be effective overall, and their penetration of the skin may not be deep enough to help lift sagging skin. According to the American Academy of Dermatology , most firming products offer subtle results at best, mostly by acting as a moisturizer.

People who do observe results with these products may need to keep using them to continue seeing results. Diet plays a significant role in skin health. Nutritional supplements may have benefits for loose skin, including anti-aging and antisagging effects.

Some of the most promising skin supplements include:. Many people think that collagen supplements reduce the effects of skin aging by boosting collagen levels. A study that featured in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology found that women who consumed 10 grams of oral collagen peptides in a drink at bedtime experienced improved skin collagen levels and overall structure after 4 weeks.

Furthermore, they experienced better skin hydration levels after 8 weeks. Antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes may help reduce skin sagging and wrinkles by neutralizing reactive oxygen species ROS.

ROS are compounds that can activate pathways that eventually degrade collagen. It's the key to perky, chiseled cheekbones.

A smart combo of quartz facial roller and vibrating massager, this Skin Gym device is a pleasure to use, helping sweep away lymph and increase micro-circulation so that skincare ingredients can do their best work.

Bowe believes that retinoids as included in this product are the "gold standard when it comes to tightening skin from the outside in. Engelman agrees: "Retinol is the most potent ingredient that helps build collagen and elastin, which leads to tighter, smoother skin.

This mixture has the added bonus of hyaluronic acid, which "can smooth, firm, and tighten the appearance of the skin," Dr.

Bowe says. Bowe warns that "retinol can be very irritating if used too frequently or if the formulation is too strong for your skin. I often recommend introducing retinol slowly into your skincare regimen not every single night and starting off with a low percentage. This perennial drugstore favorite offers the same coveted retinol percentage, but at a much more accessible price point. Plus, you won't feel as bad using it on areas aside from your face—which Dr.

Non-invasive skin tightening procedures These procedures are called non-invasive because they leave your skin intact. Side effects: Usually some redness and swelling, but little risk of other side effects when performed by a board-certified dermatologist. Bottom line: The heat can cause your body to produce more collagen. With 1 treatment, most people see modest lifting and tightening within 2 to 6 months. You may get more benefit from having additional treatments.

Radiofrequency During this treatment, your dermatologist places a device against your skin, which heats the tissue beneath. Bottom line: Most people have 1 treatment and feel some tightening right away. Some people benefit from having more than 1 treatment. Laser treatment Some lasers can send heat deep into the skin without wounding the top layer of your skin. These lasers are used to tighten skin all over the body and can be especially helpful for tightening loose skin on the belly and upper arms.

Bottom line: You may need 3 to 5 treatments to get results, which gradually appear between 2 and 6 months after the last treatment. Minimally invasive skin tightening procedures While these procedures can give you more noticeable results, they still cannot give you the results of a surgical procedure like a facelift, eyelid surgery, or neck lift.

Minimally invasive skin tightening, however, requires less downtime than surgery. It also carries less risk of side effects. Radiofrequency When you have this type of radiofrequency, a thin tube or needles , is inserted into your skin to heat up the tissue beneath. This allows your dermatologist to provide heat exactly where you need it to tighten loose skin.

Because baseball and softball are tough games that take hard work, dedication, and patience. Cheating takes little effort. It's taking the easy way. Bats are not immune to cheating and unethical practices. For example, learning to hit for power takes time, as does the process of making contact with the ball. Unfortunately, there are a few common, unapproved, and unethical bat break-in methods that allow cheaters to gain an edge. Again, these types of methods are illegal. They are only condoned in home run derbies and should not be used in sanctioned league play or tournaments.

Legal break-in methods for baseball bats and softball bats are recommended. Mostly used in Slow Pitch softball , bat rolling is a process used to enhance pop and distance to a bat. Essentially, by rolling a bat a player is expediting the break-in time and the time it takes a bat to become "hot" usually more than hits from the bat. In theory, rolling your bat allows you to use the bat's maximum potential from its first swing while minimizing its expected wear-and-tear.

League officials and coaches are trained to spot potential bat rolling. The Easton Project 3 Fuze adult baseball bat is a cutting-edge vision of performance. This high.. The DeMarini Voodoo One Balanced adult baseball bat is designed to deliver the competitive edge.. The popular Avenge model from AXE is back for the season with a host of improvements. Its reeng.. This bat is the ideal option for speedy contact hitters at the top of the lineup, delivering a natur..

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Is rolling considered Illegal? While we don't discuss the legalities of Bat Rolling we would recommend that you consult your local league or association prior to purchasing our Bat Rolling Service or purchasing a bat that has been heat rolled. In most cases there are rules in regards to rolling that prohibit such alteration, but in some leagues and associations bat rolling is approved. Also, many home run derbies or showcases permit the use as well.

Following the rolling process, we compression test ALL bats to ensure they still are performing at or below the maximum allowable level. Also, since ALL manufacturers are required to send a sampling of their bats to independent testing facilities prior to approval for use, it is our belief is that since they have already been proven not exceed the designed performance levels after an ABI process identical to our rolling process that rolling is simply allowing your bat to performance at it's optimal level without having to put 's of hits on it before it reaches this level.

Will Rolling or Shaving void my manufacturers warranty? Simple answer is YES - All bats sold on this site are sold without warranty. We do however stand behind our workmanship should you have any issues. What Shaving Level should I choose?

We offer 3 levels of shaving. Aggressive shaving better performance but greater likelihood of cracking in hits or less and Freaking HOT level This is the highest level possible when shaving. With the Freaking HOT level you may only get hits before breakage. We recommend the normal level to most customers since the cost of bats is quite expensive but if money is not a concern feel free to select one of our higher shaving levels but please understand you're bat may crack after a couple hundred hits if you choose one of these higher levels..

Is BatRolling4u, LLC an authorized dealer for the bats listed on your site and do they come with standard warranties? Unfortunately, we are NOT an "authorized dealer" for the bats listed on our site or purchased through our website.

We do not re-label or re-paint bats. All bats sold on our site are authentic products they just do not come with warranty since we are not permitted to offer warranties. Only authorized dealers qualify. We are not affiliated with any manufacturer or association referenced on our site. The use of any names, descriptions or certification markings are simply for identification purposes only and in no way indicate that they are approved for use in a particular league or association following the rolling or shaving process.

It is the responsibility of the buyer to verify they are permitted prior to use. Created with Sketch. My answer usually is "Yes, if the bat has not been rolled correctly". There is quite a bit of information on what a incorrectly rolled bat is. As I searched through forums and blogs I have seen stories of "ridges" or "lines" on a bat to tell if it was rolled. These "ridges they speak of are caused by improperly rolling a bat mostly big barrel bats.

Over the years I have fixed this mistake with some degree of success. Other ways to tell if a bat has been rolled is the graphics peeling off the bat in odd places, normally where the end of the rollers meet the bat. Another way to tell if a bat has been rolled is by residue from bat roller material left behind on the bat. On some bats there are "roller marks" left on the bat.

Most of the time these can be wiped off with a cleaning product but there are some bats where the marks are still visible to the trained eye. So the answer to the question is yes and no; get a bat rolled correctly and, to my knowledge, there is no way to detect it has been rolled other than compression loss. Best Bat Rolling Service?

That means this is a fairly new service and experience is a commodity when choosing a bat roller. A lot of the stories of detectable rolling I had mentioned above come directly from these newer bat rollers who do not have the skill that comes with years of rolling.

There can be multiple causes why you have problems with opening FTW files on given system. Fortunately, most common problems with FTW files can be solved without in-depth IT knowledge, and most importantly, in a matter of minutes. We have prepared a listing of which will help you resolve your problems with FTW files.

The most common reason for such problems is the lack of proper applications that supports FTW files installed on the system. To address this issue, go to the Family Tree Maker developer website, download the tool, and install it.

It is that easy On the top of the page a list that contains all programs grouped based on operating systems supported can be found. One of the most risk-free method of downloading software is using links provided by official distributors. Visit Family Tree Maker website and download the installer. If the problems with opening FTW files still occur even after installing Family Tree Maker , it is possible that you have an outdated version of the software.

Sometimes software developers introduce new formats in place of that already supports along with newer versions of their applications. All of the file formats that were handled just fine by the previous versions of given program should be also possible to open using Family Tree Maker.

After installing Family Tree Maker the most recent version make sure that it is set as the default application to open FTW files. The process of associating file formats with default application may differ in details depending on platform, but the basic procedure is very similar. Should the problem still occur after following steps , check if the FTW file is valid.

FTW files. Family tree Maker allows users to build and share family trees. The FTW files store the family tree data as well as the user settings and other project information. You will need a program compatible with the specific file you are trying to open, as different programs may use files with file extension FTW for different purposes. While we have not verified the apps ourselves yet, our users have suggested 5 different FTW openers which you will find listed below.

Suggest another file format using extension FTW While we know of one file format using the. If you want to associate a file with a new program e.

FTW you have two ways to do it. The first and the easiest one is to right-click on the selected FTW file. From the drop-down menu select "Choose default program" , then click "Browse" and find the desired program. The whole operation must be confirmed by clicking OK. The second and more difficult to do is associate the FTW file extension to the corresponding software in the Windows Registry.

Many files contain only simple text data. It is possible that while opening unknown files e. You can now import this file into Family Tree Maker If you have no other need for the Family Tree Maker Starter Edition, you can uninstall it from your computer. AFT and. GED files require you to save a new working file. A New Family File window should now be showing. Type a name into the File name: field that will allow you to distinguish this converted file from your other ones.

Click the Save button. You should now have a window showing your tree.