Under the present government, judging by its modern history, Uganda has been relatively peaceful. Though from the 90s till date, there has been an ongoing war with rebels of the Lord Resistant Army. Rwanda gained independence from Belgium on 1 July Prior to that, a referendum was held to determine if the monarchical system of government which had existed since the 18 th century should be retained.
The results were overwhelmingly against keeping the Tutsi monarchy in an independent Rwanda. In the so called Rwanda Revolution happened, which led to the majority Hutu taking charge of the newly formed republic. The violence from the Revolution made refugees of thousands of Rwandans, most of them Tutsis. But in when a rocket shot down the plane carrying Presidents of Burundi and Rwanda, killing them both, the war started afresh and led to the Tutsi genocide. When the coup happened, Liberia had been a republic for over years.
The coup unsettled the previously peaceful country and created the actors, the environment for the civil war which started in and ended in A multinational joint task force of about 10, troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria is currently battling the insurgency. Since then several other armed groups emerged or splintered off from existing ones with different interests related to self-determination and political and socio-economic grievances.
The Malian government and two coalitions of these armed groups — the Plateforme and Coordination — signed the Agreement on Peace and Reconciliation in Mali in May However, fighting continues with armed Islamist groups attacking civilians, state counterterrorism actions, and intercommunal violence.
The 15, uniformed and civilian personnel work to support the implementation of the peace agreement and reduce violence. They also protect civilians, support the re-establishment of state institutions and basic services, and support the cantonment, disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of armed groups.
The Somali civil war began in when the government of President Siad Barre was overthrown. Armed groups started competing for power. Without a central administration, Somalia became a failed state, with rival warlords and different groups controlling the capital Mogadishu and other southern parts of the country. The Al-Shabaab militant group emerged as an offshoot of the Islamic Courts Union which controlled Mogadishu in , while a transitional federal government was in exile in Kenya.
Ethiopian forces routed the courts union, paving the way for the government in exile to return home. In , a new federal government was constituted. The same year Al-Shabaab declared allegiance to the militant group al-Qaeda.
Fighting between armed Islamist groups and pro-government forces has led to the deaths of thousands of civilians and the displacement of over two million people. Despite gains against the group, Al-Shabaab insurgents continue to launch sporadic attacks against civilians and the government.
Skip to main content. Get the free mobile apps Get the latest news from us on our apps. Welcome to the United Nations. Toggle navigation Language:. Africa Renewal. Silencing the guns. From Africa Renewal:. Can African leaders repeat the show of unity achieved on continental free trade to silence the guns? For the African Union, is supposed to be a landmark year. Patricia Danzi, Regional Director for Africa for the International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC , recently told journalists in Johannesburg that her organisation — along with other major humanitarian organisations — was struggling to cope with existing situations that strain already limited attention and resources.
More concerning still was that new situations keep cropping up. She used Burkina Faso as an illustrative example: in , people were displaced by violence there, forcing ICRC to set up a new emergency response, while maintaining their operations in neighbouring Mali and Niger. The pattern of new conflicts bubbling up alongside existing ones is likely to repeat itself. With extensive footprints in conflict zones and disaster areas across the African continent, major humanitarian organisations have long functioned as a kind of canary in the coalmine — so if they are worried, other policymakers should be too.
And looking ahead, it is not difficult to see the pattern she describes — of new conflicts bubbling up alongside existing ones — repeat itself.
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