Luxor, Egypt. Site History and Significance The Karnak temple complex at Luxor developed over more than 1, years, principally between the Twelfth and Twentieth Dynasties. Why It Matters The Karnak Temple is a massive temple complex to which dozens of pharaohs added their own constructions. Related Projects. Completed Project.
Conservation projects at this ancient Egyptian burial site protected the historic fabric of the tombs while improving the visitor experience. Luxor Temple Luxor, Egypt. The building is about feet meters by feet 52 meters.
The researchers note that there are columns in total, the largest twelve of which are 70 feet 21 meters high and support the central part of the structure. The other columns are about 40 feet 12 meters tall. Shortly after it was constructed, the hall likely became the setting for coronation and heb-sed ceremonies, replacing the Wadjet hall in this function. Khonsu was the child of Amun-Ra and the goddess Mut.
A temple dedicated to him at Karnak was built, appropriately, placed between the main sanctuary of Amun-Ra and the southern precinct that honored Mut. The columns in its hall measure about 23 feet 7 meters tall. Construction continued at Karnak periodically after the end of the New Kingdom. King Taharqa, who reigned around 2, years ago, was part of a dynasty of rulers from Nubia modern-day Sudan who came to control much of Egypt. In this case, the meter would have had a symbolic use.
The last major building program at Karnak was carried out by Nectanebo I, a king of the 30th, and final, dynasty of ancient Egypt. He reigned between and B. After his dynasty ended, Egypt would be ruled by people descended from Persia, Greece or Rome. Nectanebo built a large enclosure wall around the site along with an additional temple. The model avoids the guesswork that comes with many computer simulations—such as Hollywood movies.
The effort led archaeologists to consult with architects about the structural integrity of their recreated blueprints—a rare collaboration between two fields that are traditionally quite separate. Such computer models not only are teaching tools; they can forward research agendas as well.
With a colleague, Favro modeled a funeral in the Forum, which provides a sense of sight lines and acoustics. It represents not just how Rome looked, but how it might have felt and sounded as you walked through its crowds.
Sullivan arrived in Los Angeles in with her newly minted doctorate in Near Eastern studies and set to work in a darkened lab far from the hot and dusty streets of the modern town of Luxor. Her first task, however, was decidedly low tech. She spent the first couple of months poring through archaeological reports, authored mainly by the French team overseeing work at Karnak.
Written in the past four decades, they form the backbone of current knowledge of the complex. A twelfth volume of the French excavations just came out, and there was additional material from before the s to fill out the picture.
Few archaeological sites in the world have been so exhaustively documented as Karnak. Generations of archaeologists have made painstaking measurements, sketches, photographs, and excavations at this sprawling area. Another student worked on map and video designs that were to be part of the website as well. Even with the copious data, pulling together a coherent picture of what took place and when at Karnak proved complicated.
For example, Amenhotep III had great plans for the complex. After the Egyptian pharaoh ascended the throne in BCE, he ordered a wave of construction and renovation projects. After all, he was named for the very god—Amun—to whom the temple was dedicated. Though he ushered in a thirty-seven-year reign of peace and prosperity, Amenhotep III never quite finished all the work he planned for Karnak before he was buried in a sumptuous tomb across the river in the Valley of the Kings.
And that posed a problem for Sullivan, living nearly two and a half millennia later and halfway around the world. So Favro suggested she show the image of the gate as nearly transparent—a signal that it was planned but unfinished. That simple adjustment allows students and Egyptologists to follow one step in the complicated evolution of the site.
Ramesses II built a small temple that may have been used by average Egyptians entering the temple complex to pray to Amun-Ra. But it is not the finished product that is most important, Favro insists. While many researchers would like to see uniform software and hardware packages to provide clear guidelines and quality standards, that does not appear to be in the cards. Favro sees little chance that there will be a common package that could be used by architects and archaeologists the world over.
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