Cyanide poisoning is rare. You may be at risk for accidental exposure if you work in certain fields. Many inorganic cyanide salts are used in the following industries:. After discussing your symptoms, your doctor will perform a physical exam. The first step to treating a suspected case of cyanide poisoning is to identify the source of exposure.
This will help your doctor or other healthcare provider determine the appropriate decontamination method. In the case of a fire or other emergency incident, rescue personnel will use protective gear like face masks, eye shields, and double gloves to enter the area and take you to a safe location. If you have ingested cyanide, you may be given activated charcoal to help absorb the toxin and safely clear it from your body. Cyanide exposure can affect oxygen intake, so your doctor may administer percent oxygen via a mask or endotracheal tube.
The cyanide antidote kit consists of three medications given together: amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate. The amyl nitrite is given by inhalation for 15 to 30 seconds, while sodium nitrite is administered intravenously over three to five minutes.
Intravenous sodium thiosulfate is administered for about 30 minutes. Hydroxocobalamin will detoxify cyanide by binding with it to produce nontoxic vitamin B This medication neutralizes cyanide at a slow enough rate to allow an enzyme called rhodanese to further detoxify cyanide in the liver.
If you suspect you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of severe cyanide poisoning, seek immediate emergency medical attention. Your outlook will depend on the type of cyanide present, the dose, and how long you were exposed. Avoid touching contaminated areas of the clothing. An alternative method is to put the clothes in the bag using tongs, tool handles, sticks, or similar objects.
Anything that touches the contaminated clothing should also be placed in the bag. If you wear contacts, put them in the plastic bag, too.
Seal the bag, and then seal that bag inside another plastic bag. Disposing of your clothing in this way will help protect you and other people from any chemicals that might be on your clothes.
When the local or state health department or emergency personnel arrive, tell them what you did with your clothes. The health department or emergency personnel will arrange for further disposal.
Do not handle the plastic bags yourself. For more information about cleaning your body and disposing of your clothes after a chemical release, see Chemical Agents: Facts About Personal Cleaning and Disposal of Contaminated Clothing. Seek medical attention right away. Dial and explain what has happened. How cyanide poisoning is treated Cyanide poisoning is treated with specific antidotes and supportive medical care in a hospital setting.
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CDC is not responsible for Section compliance accessibility on other federal or private website. In medicine, cyanide can be found in the widely used anti-hypertensive, sodium nitroprusside, each molecule of which contains 5 molecules of cyanide. The most common cause of cyanide poisoning is smoke inhalation in fires.
The use of cyanide in warfare dates to the Franco-Prussian War , during which Napoleon III urged his troops to dip their bayonet tips in the poison. Roman Emperor Nero also used cyanide-containing cherry laurel water as a poison. This poisonous compound poses an ongoing threat as a weapon of terrorism, whether it is delivered in oral form via sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide or as a gas via hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride.
Cyanide poisons the mitochondrial electron transport chain within cells and renders the body unable to derive energy adenosine triphosphate-ATP from oxygen. Specifically, it binds to the a3 portion complex IV of cytochrome oxidase and prevents cells from using oxygen, causing rapid death. When ingested as sodium or potassium cyanide, the lethal dose is mg. Cyanide kills quickly: death occurs within seconds of a lethal dose of cyanide gas and within minutes of ingestion of a lethal dose of cyanide salt.
The central nervous system CNS and cardiovascular systems are chiefly affected. Signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning include the following:. Cardiovascular : decreased inotropy, bradycardia followed by reflex tachycardia, hypotension, and pulmonary edema; and.
Survivors may suffer Parkinson's disease, ataxia, optic atrophy, and other neurological disorders. Cyanide intoxication is largely a clinical diagnosis; however, several laboratory features are suggestive:.
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