Indian athlete Neeraj Chopra made history as he won the first Olympic gold in athletics for India in Tokyo Olympics While netizens were ecstatic about the win, many were honest enough to admit that they know nothing about the sport that brought India its first gold in this sporting event. It appears that Javelin Throw is as old as the games itself.
However, in their competitive life, javelins have undergone significant design changes to alter their performance. Specifically, to make them harder to throw. The Javelin was originally designed as an offensive weapon and used in favour of the spear as it was lighter and could be thrown rather than thrust, allowing long distance attacks against an enemy. The design of the javelin differed greatly from the design most people have now become accustom to, with the athlete holding onto a thin leather cord wrapped around the middle of the javelin, rather than the javelin itself.
When the javelin was thrown the leather cord would unwind and the javelin would follow a spiralled flight, very similar to the way a toy spinning top is made to rotate by pulling a string. The javelins, made from thin pieces of wood were by their nature, very unbalanced.
The rotation stabilised the javelin in flight. The sport of javelin throwing was first introduced to the Olympics in as a freestyle event with very few rules and regulations over design. The Olympics saw the formation of the IAAF, setting strict rules and regulations on the design of the javelin and with it, the first world record. In the following years the world record and Olympic gold distances continued to increase, culminating in a world record distance of Distances such as these posed significant safety risks as there was the possibility of overshooting the stadium and the javelin landing in the crowd.
Furthermore, there was an increasing amount of times when the javelin would land flat on the ground, resulting in heated protests when these throws were declared invalid by the competition officials. The tip of the javelin was also modified to be blunter and less aerodynamic. These changes mean the javelin travels a shorter distance and descends at a steeper angle, helping the javelin stick into the ground rather than simply laying down.
Unsurprisingly, the redesign had a significant effect on performance, as can be seen in the graph below. From the graph, you notice the distance records continue to increase, up until the world record in The Czech athlete Jan Zelezny is regarded as the finest make javelin thrower in history. He won a hat-trick of Olympic titles from and set the world record of All Lifestyle Performance Culture.
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